Cats are well known for their weird, lovable antics, and eating dirt is definitely one of their more-puzzling behaviors. If you are noticing your cat eating dirt, the cause can be simply a kitten exploring and playing with dirt or due to a medical issue.

Possible Causes for Your Cat Eating Dirt

There are several possible causes of why your cat may be eating dirt from curiosity and boredom to medical issues. Below is a list of some of the most common causes of your cat eating dirt. When noticing your cat eating dirt, it is best to contact your veterinarian to first rule outer and address medical issues.

Medical Reasons

• Anemia : In some cases, cats can eat dirt or litter when they are suffering from anemia. Anemia can be related to a lack of nutrition in the cat’s diet or a symptom of a more serious disease. Anemia is symptom of another illness. It occurs when there are not enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells and its job is to carry oxygen. When there are not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin the cells of the body cannot get enough oxygen, so they are unable to work properly. It is this lack of oxygen that causes the signs seen in the cat.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Adult cats that eat dirt may be suffering from a lack of nutrients and vitamins in their food. Consider switching to a food that offers more complete nutrition; read the label carefully so you know what ingredients it contains or ask your vet for a recommendation. It is best to feed a food that is certified to meet your cat’s nutritional needs based on AAFCO food trials. This certification will be labeled on the food bag. Whichever route you go, ensure that your kitty is getting a balanced diet. Avoid giving too many treats as this can unbalance the diet. A good rule of thumb is that 90% of your cat’s diet, based on calories, should come from a balanced cat food or properly formulated home cooked diet, and 10% or less should come from treats and other food. And if you change to a different brand of food, introduce it gradually so you don’t upset your cat’s digestion.
• Pica: Pica is the term to describe the behavioral urge to eat nonedible materials. In cats, these items most often include fabrics, elastics such as hair binders, cardboard, paper, and plastic. Young cats are more likely to suffer from pica syndrome. The cause of pica is unknown, but experts speculate that it could be due to a number of causes such as dietary deficiencies, genetics, boredom, compulsive disorder, or stress. 

Behavioral reasons

• Curiosity: Kitten’s may eat dirt as they are discovering and exploring the environment out of curiosity. Kitten usually quickly learn to not continue to repeat this behavior.
• Boredom : Cats are amazing, intelligent creatures. Their lifestyle reflects the predatory skills and behaviors needed to hunt food in the wild. A cat’s day includes the need to rest, stalk, chase, pounce, kill, play, eat, and groom among other things. When we don’t provide them opportunities to do these things, they get bored. Boredom can lead to a variety of problems such as destructive behaviors, aggression, anxiety, and more. 
• Stress and Anxiety: Sometimes when cats are stressed, they will exhibit new behaviors such as eating dirt or missing the litterbox. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as bringing a new pet or baby into the house, losing a family member, or moving to a new home.There are even times when something mundane and seemingly harmless, such as rearranging the furniture, can stress a cat out. Think about any changes—no matter how insignificant—in your household that may have taken place prior to your cat developing the dirt-eating habit.
• Inherent behavior: In some cases, there may be no known cause influencing your cat’s behavior. Dirt eating may just be an idiosyncrasy and something you’ll need to accept. In these instances, removing the dirt from the equation (if possible) and providing plenty of other things for your cat to do may be as far as you can go.

The Dangers of Cats Eating Dirt 

If you see your cat eating dirt, it can causes injury to your cat so best to do what you can to prevent the behavior and make your veterinarian aware of the behavior.

Dangers include consumption of pesticides and other toxins, choking, damage to the teeth, throat, or digestive tract from ingesting rocks or sticks, and consumption of soil-dwelling parasites.

How to Prevent Your Cat from Eating Dirt

• Provide a distraction whenever your cat starts eating dirt. Calmly say your cat’s name to get their attention, then offer an appropriate chew item or engage them in a play session instead.
• Remove indoor potted plants or place them well out of your cats’s reach.
• Ensure your cat gets ample physical activity and mental stimulation to relieve stress and prevent them from eating dirt due to boredom.
• Provide an enriched environment: Make sure your cat has plenty of activities and places to go so it stays occupied, engaged, and can find stress relief when needed. For instance, engage in interactive play with your cat regularly to simulate its hunting instinct and offer solo toys for when you’re away. A tall scratching post, a cat tree or high perch, and a window for watching the outside world are all helpful distractions as well.
• Address any potential causes of stress in your cat’s life, such as a big change in routine or family structure.
• Provide additional chew toys: Divert your cat’s attention away from dirt with catnip or cat toys to play with. Change up your cat’s toys frequently to keep things interesting.
• Work with a certified cat behavior professional and your vet: If nothing else works, seek out a professional who can help modify the behavior.

Petful may earn a commission if you click on our links and make a purchase. This comes at no extra cost to you and helps us continue providing trusted pet product reviews.

Why Does my Cat Attack me at night: understanding hunting instincts

Cats are crepuscular hunters. Small movements in bed can trigger chase mode, especially during late evening and early morning.

Common triggers:

• Moving feet under covers: Your cat sees motion but may not realize it is you.
• Games that teach pouncing: Under-blanket play in kittenhood reinforces ambush habits that intensify in adults.

Discourage rough play early and replace it with structured play then feed. If the behavior continues into adulthood, there are effective ways to stop it.

Learn more about managing aggressive behavior in cats from the ASPCA guide on cat aggression

Can Water Help When Your Cat Attacks You at Night?

Some cats dislike water, and that aversion can interrupt unwanted pouncing if used carefully and consistently.

How to use a spray correctly:

• Keep a clean spray bottle nearby: Use a new bottle filled with plain water and place it within reach of the bed.
• One quick mist to interrupt: Aim a brief spritz toward the shoulder or the space beside your cat, not the face or eyes.
• Pair with a clear cue: Say a firm “No” or make a single hand clap, then disengage.
• Be consistent: Apply the same interrupt every time the behavior happens so the rule is clear.

Use water only as a brief interrupter, not as punishment. If your cat shows rising stress or fear, switch to redirection with a toss toy and increase pre-bed play. Learn more about why cats hate water and when it helps to use it sparingly.

Effective Ways To Use a Spray Bottle To Stop Night Pouncing

A light spritz can interrupt pouncing, but pair it with routine and redirection for best results.

• Use a clean spray bottle: Fill a new bottle with plain water. Do not reuse bottles that held chemicals.
• Keep it within reach: Place it on your bedside table before lights out.
• Interrupt, then disengage: At the first pounce, give one quick mist toward the shoulder or beside your cat, not the face, and say a firm “No.”
• Avoid extra attention: Do not talk, pet, or play after the interrupt. Settle back to sleep.
• Add a bedtime routine: Do 10 to 15 minutes of wand toy play, then offer a small meal to satisfy hunting instincts.
• Provide alternatives: Leave a puzzle feeder or soft toss toy outside the bedroom to redirect energy.

Repeat the same steps every time. With consistency, most cats reduce or stop nighttime pouncing.

If Water Doesn’t Work: Safe Alternatives To Stop Night Attacks

Some cats ignore water interrupts. Try these safer, more effective options.

• Close the bedroom at night: Keep the door shut and set up a quiet “night station” outside with water, a bed, and toys.
• Burn energy before bed: Do 10 to 15 minutes of wand-toy play, then offer a small meal.
• Use enrichment, not yarn: Avoid string or yarn because cats can swallow it. Instead use puzzle feeders, treat balls, snuffle mats, or kicker toys.
• Timed feeder as a distraction: Schedule a small feed around your usual wake time to reduce dawn pouncing.
• Redirect, don’t wrestle: Toss a soft toy away from the bed the moment pouncing starts, then ignore.
• Consistency matters. Most cats improve when energy outlets and rules are the same every night.

Top 5 Products To Curb Nighttime Pouncing

If you’re wondering, “Why does my cat attack me at night?” remember that consistency in training is essential. Mixed signals can confuse your cat and undermine your efforts. Here’s how to ensure effective training:

Avoid encouraging pouncing behavior:

• Refrain from playing games during the day that involve your cat chasing moving objects under blankets or your feet.
• Consistency in discouraging this behavior helps your cat learn boundaries.

Stick to a clear training approach:

• Reinforce the rules both day and night.
• Avoid reprimanding your cat at night while encouraging similar behavior during waking hours.

Training a cat to stop attacking you at night takes patience and clear communication. With consistency, you can improve both your cat’s behavior and your sleep cycle.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why is my cat aggressive to me at night?

Your cat’s aggression at night is likely due to their natural hunting instincts, heightened nighttime energy, or a desire for attention.

Why does my cat randomly bite me at night?

Random bites at night could be your cat mistaking your movement for prey or trying to initiate play.

How do I stop my cat from pouncing on me at night?

You can stop your cat from pouncing by using water sprays, redirecting their energy with toys, or keeping them out of your bedroom.

Why does my cat harass me at night?

Cats may harass you at night because they are nocturnal, bored, or seeking attention and stimulation.

Sometimes cats prefer to nap on a private perch or in the safety of a hidden nook, but sooner or later, most cats end up sleeping on their owner’s lap, chest, or even head. Yes, your cat may do this to bond and feel closer to his favorite human, but the behavior is mostly the result of biological instincts—for example, kittens socializing with their mothers and siblings or adult cats interacting with one another in the wild.

Below are some of the most common reasons why your cat sleeps on you.

Marking Their Territory

Cats have scent glands that release pheromones all over their body. Marking humans with these pheromones means that their humans are part of the cat’s in-group; groups of cats in the wild learn this behavior to distinguish members of the pack from non-members. When a cat sleeps on you, it marks you with its scent for reassurance that you smell familiar and safe. Even cats who enjoy solitude may rub and head-butt their owners as part of the same scent-marking process.

Staying Warm

Many cat owners have seen their cat sleeping in a sunny patch on the bed, or even knocking over plants and whatever else is in the way to get an ideal window-napping position. Warmth induces relaxation and sleep in cats. And, few spots in the house are warmer than being directly on top of a person. Warmth may also contribute to the initiation or maintenance of restorative sleep in cats, meaning that seeking warm spots for sleep can help them stay healthy.

Feeling Safe

Animals are more vulnerable to attack while sleeping, and cats are no exception. As a result, cats who see their owners as a sign of safety and security may enjoy sleeping on or near them. In your kitties’ minds, sleeping with you means they won’t get attacked while unconscious because they trust you to keep them safe. Sleeping with their back to you—even if it feels like rejection—is actually another sign of trust.

This cat behavior can also be traced back to kittenhood. When young cats are growing, they’re typically in large litters with other cats, nursing from their mother, and sleeping together in a group, sometimes stacked on top of one another. Particularly without other cats in the house, humans may have a substitute role in this cat dynamic.

Bonding With You

In experiments to stop cats from destructive scratching and urine-marking behaviors, scent-marking proved a powerful way to preserve cat-human bonds. When your cat sleeps on you and marks you with their scent, he creates a powerful olfactory reminder that you both belong to the same group. Being close to humans also allows cats to hear and feel familiar and comforting sounds, like a beating heart or rhythmic breaths during sleep, reminiscent of safe sleeping spaces with a mother cat and siblings.

Cats are most active at night and early in the day, but some will adjust their habits to reflect those of their owners, to maximize time spent together. See, cats do care, even if they like to act standoffish!

Showing Affection

A recent study on cat-human bonding demonstrated that cats aren’t the solitary creatures they’re often portrayed as. In the wild, cats comfortably live in matriarchal societies and exhibit group bonding behaviors including mutual grooming, allorubbing (when two members of the same species rub against each other), and sleeping together. Sleeping with their owner is one way cats show affection and caring.

Why Cats Sleep on Different Parts of Your Body

Cats have been known to sleep in a variety of locations on and around their owners, including their human’s head and neck, chest, and lap.

Head

It has long been assumed that cats like to be near their owners’ heads because that’s where the most heat escapes, but the human head releases about the same amount of heat as the rest of the body. That said, the head moves less when people toss and turn in their sleep, so cats may stay near the top of the bed for safety. In addition, cats use their gaze to communicate with their owners and other cats, so kitties may like being close to their owner’s eyes.

Chest

Kittens spend a large part of their formative development period sleeping on or near other kittens, leading veterinarians to theorize that the sounds of regular breathing and a beating heart nearby may comfort cats and help them sleep more easily. You might also be a calm sleeper, making your chest a perfectly cozy space for a nighttime nap.

Lap

Most cat owners know what their cat wants when it jumps into their lap to sleep—to be petted and receive attention—though there isn’t definitive research to attest to this. Laps are the perfect spot to keep warm and be easily reachable by owners; what cat lover hasn’t spent an entirely inconvenient amount of time sitting in one place to let a peaceful cat continue resting comfortably?

Are There Reasons Not to Sleep With Your Cat?

Your preferences will be quite personal, of course, but there are a few things to keep in mind if you’re thinking about letting your cat sleep with you. If you’re a light sleeper, the presence of a cat in your bed might disturb your sleep and make it harder to fall into a deep restorative slumber. Additionally, some cats track kitty litter into the bed, which raises hygiene concerns. And, you don’t want to inhale cat fur, especially if you have respiratory issues. Remember too that it’s unsafe to let a cat sleep with a child under the age of five, and a child of any age could startle a cat and cause it to scratch.

Physical and mental stimulation are both important for keeping your cat happy and healthy. To meet some of these needs, many pet parents are turning to “cat TV,” or videos designed specifically to entertain felines. But is cat TV beneficial for your pet? Or is it a potentially harmful gimmick?

Experts say cat TV is generally good for cats. But there are some considerations to keep in mind before you hit play—here’s what to know.

What Is Cat TV?

Often found on platforms like YouTube, cat TV typically features real or animated birds, fish, squirrels, and other critters. These videos are created to capture your cat’s attention and provide mental stimulation, and many pet parents report that they do just that.

Why Do Cats Like Cat TV?

It’s no surprise that some cats like to engage with screens, as they tend to be attracted to movement, according to cat behaviorist and trainer Rita Reimers.

“Sports are also particularly interesting to them, since there is a lot of motion,” Reimers says.

Your pet may also enjoy cat TV because it activates her prey drive and taps into her natural hunting instincts, says Jessica Sewell, CVT and director of career progression at VCA Animal Hospitals.

The Pros and Cons of Cat TV

Pros

Watching cat TV can be a positive experience for cats for several reasons.

When they’re feeling bored or lonely, some cats act out and exhibit destructive behaviors like scratching and overgrooming. Cat TV can help prevent some of these issues by providing a much-needed dose of enrichment, Sewell says. It can be an especially helpful source of stimulation for indoor cats, older kitties, or those with limited mobility, she adds.

Watching TV can also be soothing to some cats, especially if they’re anxious or prone to overstimulation from real-world sights and sounds, Sewell adds. And if you have to step away for a while, cat TV can be a calming distraction until you return.

“A silent house can be scary for cats and make them hypersensitive to noises,” Reimers says. “Think about when you are home alone. If the house is silent, every little noise might get your attention and get your heart racing.” 

Cons

However, there may be drawbacks to cat TV. Some cats may become frustrated when they can’t physically “catch” the animals they see on the screen, Sewell says. Cats that do try to nab the critters they see may pounce or paw—behaviors that could damage your device or potentially injure your pet.

In addition, fast-moving visuals and loud noises can be too much for some cats. Cat TV may cause some kitties to become overstimulated, which could lead to agitated behaviors like pacing. “Not all cats enjoy visual stimulation,” Sewell says.

Best Practices for Using Cat TV

If you’re curious about cat TV and want to try it out with your pet, keep these best practices in mind.

Limit Your Cat’s Screen Time

Remember that cat TV is not a substitute for playtime and exercise. “Playtime is bonding,” says Reimers. “Plus, it gives pet cats a chance to run out all the bottled-up energy that cats in nature use for hunting.”

Just like humans, cats need limits on screen time. Reimers recommends keeping cat TV sessions to an hour or less.

Keep It Fresh

For cats, variety is the spice of life. Think of cat TV as just one tool in your toolbox—along with toys, window perches, scratching posts, training, leashed walks, and other activities. “Cats need a variety of things that stimulate them and give them something to focus on,” says Reimers.

Always monitor your pet while she’s watching cat TV. If she doesn’t seem to be interested or she’s not enjoying the experience, turn the video off. “Some cats love it, others ignore it,” says Sewell. “As with any enrichment, it’s all about knowing your cat.”

Make Sure Your Cat Stays Safe

Make sure your TV is firmly secured. “Use wall-mounted TVs or stands that won’t tip if your cat jumps or swats at the screen,” says Sewell.

Reimers recommends avoiding videos with mice and squirrels, as these creatures might send your cat’s prey drive into overdrive and cause her to become aggravated. She also suggests avoiding videos with realistic sounds for the same reason. “It’s a good idea to stick to the videos that use calming music,” she says. “Birds and fish tanks are popular with my cats.”

Follow Up With a Hunt

Once you’re done with the cat TV for the day, break out a wand toy to let your cat “succeed” in a hunting conquest, says Sewell.

The Final Say on Cat TV

Experts say cat TV is generally beneficial as part of a balanced enrichment plan, especially for indoor cats. “The key is observing your cat’s reactions and using it to supplement—not replace—real interaction and physical play,” says Sewell.

Have you ever found yourself meowing back at your cat? Maybe they let out a chirp from the windowsill and you instinctively chirped right back. Or perhaps you struck up a full-blown “conversation” of meows and trills with your furry friend, just for fun. But is mimicking your cat’s language a good idea? Is it a form of harmless bonding, or might it confuse or even annoy your feline companion? 

Read on to discover what a cat behavior expert has to say about talking back in “cat.”

Why Cats Meow

Cats don’t typically meow to each other (at least, not once they’re past kittenhood). In fact, meowing is a form of communication that domestic cats have primarily evolved to use with humans. Wild adult cats rarely meow, but our feline companions have figured out that meowing is an effective way to get our attention, express needs, and connect. 

Over time, cats have fine-tuned their vocalizations to get a response from their favorite humans. Some even adjust their meows based on what gets the best reaction from you, whether that’s a food refill, a door opened, or chin scratches.

Here are some common types of meows and some educated guesses on what they might mean: 

• Short, high-pitched meow: This usually means “Hi!” or “Good to see you!”
• Multiple meows: Excitement, often heard when you get home, or a request for something, like attention or food.
• Drawn-out meow: A demand, like “Feed me now.”
• Mid-pitch meow: A polite request (think: asking for attention or food).
• Long, high-pitched meow: Displeasure, surprise, or urgency.
• Low-pitched meow: Frustration, complaint, fear, or aggression.

Keep in mind that each cat develops their own vocal “style,” so getting to know your individual cat’s meows is key to understanding what they’re trying to communicate. 

What Happens When You Meow Back

So, what does your cat think when you meow back at them?

“The only way we can interpret what a cat may be thinking is to look at their behavior, body language, and vocalizations,” says Stephen Quandt, a certified cat behaviorist and founder of Stephen Quandt Feline Behavior Associates, LLC.

Here are some ways your cat might respond and what it may mean: 

• They meow back: If your cat responds with a meow of their own, they may be engaging in a bit of back-and-forth communication. This can be a sign they’re feeling social, curious, or simply matching your energy.
• They approach you or rub against you: This is a good sign. They’re likely interpreting your meow as friendly and are responding with affection or interest.
• They flick their tail or walk away: Not all cats are impressed by human attempts to “speak cat.” If your cat turns away or shows signs of irritation, like tail flicking or flattened ears, they might be confused, annoyed, or uninterested in your vocal imitation.
• They perk up or look alert: This sudden focus could mean they’re surprised by the unexpected sound and trying to make sense of it. 
• They do nothing at all: Some cats simply don’t care. If yours stays put, ignores you, or continues with whatever they were doing, they may recognize the sound but not find it meaningful enough to react.

Every cat is different. Some may love the interaction and “talk back,” while others prefer their humans stick to head scratches and treats instead of attempting feline fluency.

When Meowing at Your Cat Can Be a Problem

While meowing back at your cat is usually harmless (and even fun), there are times when it can cause confusion or, worse, stress. Cats are highly attuned to tone, body language, and context, so if your meow doesn’t match the moment, it might send the wrong message.

Situations where moewing could backfire include:

• During stressful events: If your cat is already on edge, like during a vet visit, fireworks, or a loud household disruption, trying to “talk” back with meows might escalate their anxiety instead of helping, Quandt explains. They may interpret your meow as a challenge or a warning rather than a sign of comfort.
• During training sessions: Meowing at your cat during training can send mixed signals. If you’re trying to set boundaries or encourage specific behaviors, tossing in a playful meow can confuse your cat, blurring the line between praise, correction, and play.
• In multi-cat households: Meowing at your cats, especially during cat-to-cat tussles, may unintentionally add to the drama.
• If your cat doesn’t enjoy your meows: If your cat seems startled or annoyed, or walks away when you meow, these are signs they aren’t a fan of your cat-like sounds. If this is the case, stick to calm, normal communication.

Healthy Communication Alternatives

If your cat doesn’t seem impressed by your attempts to “meow,” don’t worry—there are other forms of communication that might resonate with them more. 

• Use a gentle voice: Quandt says the gold standard for communicating with your cat is a gentle, sweet voice. They may not understand your words, but they’ll pick up on your mood and intent through your tone, he says. Many cat parents even develop a special “cat voice” over time that their feline companions come to recognize and respond to. 
• Slow blink at them: Cats often use slow blinking as a sign of trust and relaxation. Try making eye contact and slowly closing your eyes. If your cat blinks back, it’s like their version of a hug.
• Watch their body language: Learning to interpret your cat’s signals helps prevent miscommunication. A swishing tail, pinned ears, or dilated pupils can all be signs of overstimulation or stress. When you notice these cues, the best thing you can do is give your cat some space.
• Engage in interactive play: Use toys that mimic prey, such as feather wands or string toys, to tap into your cat’s instincts and strengthen your bond through fun, shared activities.

By tuning into your cat’s natural ways of communicating and responding with clarity and empathy, you’ll deepen your relationship far more than any imitation meow ever could.

Everything you need to know about cat spraying

Read Caption

Featured Photo Haritonoff/Bigstock

What is Cat Spray?

Cat spraying is most typically done by intact males and involves spraying a concentrated urine stream horizontally against a vertical surface. Stephan Quandt, a feline trainer and behaviour specialist, says “Oftentimes, the cat will back up to the surface they’re going to spray on with a high tail that is frequently seen quivering, and they don’t squat—they just stand and spray. Also, they usually spray a small amount of urine because they are not attempting to fully void their bladders, as this is not the purpose.”

It’s important to note that spraying isn’t the only cause of urinating in the house. Dr. Vanessa Spano, a board-certified veterinary behaviourist, says, “As behaviour is a diagnosis of exclusion, it is important to ensure nothing physically underlying is missed. If there is a medical component that does not get addressed, likely the ‘spraying’ behaviour will not improve.” Several medical issues may cause cats to spray.

Medical Issues That Can Cause Cats to Spray

• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Bladder inflammation
• Urinary tract stones
• Neurological disease
• Kidney disease

Why Do Cats Spray?

“Cats communicate with scent, and spraying is conveying information to other cats that this cat has been here and is making a claim to the territory—or is available sexually,” says Quandt. Amanda Caron, a certified cat behaviour consultant and fear-free certified professional trainer, says that cats can also spray due to stress from changes in the environment or routine. A frequent cause can be the presence of outdoor cats in your area. 

Do Female Cats Spray?

Caron says that female cats can engage in spraying behaviours, although this behaviour is more commonly seen in males. Unspayed females are more likely to spray when in heat to try to attract a mate.

Do Spayed Cats Spray?

Spayed female cats can spray, but the behaviour is less common in spayed cats. About 5% of spayed female cats spray.

Do Neutered Cats Spray?

While spraying behaviour is most common in unneutered males, neutered males can spray as well. Quandt says that up to 10% of male cats who spray are actually neutered. 

When Do Male Cats Start Spraying?

Male cats typically start spraying when they become sexually mature, which is around 6 to 9 months of age. “Male cats may begin spraying before being neutered, and while neutering often reduces this behaviour, some cats continue to spray even afterward,” says Caron.

How to Get a Cat to Stop Spraying

Cat spraying can be a deeply rooted and complex behaviour. It’s important to understand the causes of why your cat is spraying and take steps to modify this behaviour.

1. Manage Any Changes in the Home. Dr. Spano emphasizes that, after ruling out medical issues, the next step is to see if the spraying behaviour connects to changes at home or in the environment. Because one of the reasons that cats spray is to mark their territory, blocking your cat’s access to seeing other cats through the window can be helpful.Has the family dynamic changed? “If there is a new human family member in the home, have them make positive associations with your cat by gently tossing them treats and avoiding too much overwhelming hands-on interaction—ensure they practice consent and do not touch your cat if your cat is not consenting to it or asking for it,” says Dr. Spano.
2. Help Your Cat Reduce Stress. Other common causes for stress in cats include changes in their routine, loud noises, limited resources in multi-cat households, and boredom. Caron says that there are several ways to reduce the impact of stress on your cat, including “giving the cat space away from what is stressing them, offering one-on-one time with toys or treats, or simply helping them decompress by being there while they watch cat videos or birds outside. Spending quality time, providing reassurance, and creating an environment that meets their needs—like vertical spaces, hiding spots, scratching areas, and engaging activities—are all essential to helping a cat navigate stressful situations.”
3. Reinforce Alternate Behaviours. Rather than punishing your cat for spraying, it’s important to reinforce alternative behaviours like sniffing and walking away, using the litter box instead of marking a wall, playing with a kicker toy, or scratching on an appropriate surface. “When you notice your cat making one of these positive choices, be sure to let them know—recognizing good behaviour is just as important as addressing undesirable behaviour. Use a warm voice with encouraging words, a gentle chin scratch, or a small tasty treat to reward the alternative behaviour,” says Caron.
4. Litter Box Management. Dr. Spano says that, in her experience, the top reason cats urinate outside the litter box is poor hygiene. She points out that commercial litter boxes are often too small, as they should be 1.5x the length of the cat from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail (she uses under-the-bed plastic clothing bins for her own cats!). Litter boxes should be completely cleaned out at least once per week using warm water and a gentle soap, as phenols like Lysol can be too much for your cat’s sensitive olfactory system.
   

   A top reason cats urinate outside the litter box is poor hygiene.

5. Consult a Cat Behaviourist. For deeply rooted behaviours like spraying, it’s often recommended to see a behaviourist. Caron explains that a behaviorist will ask about your cat’s environment, health, history, relationships, and daily routine. This helps them understand what your cat is showing through its actions.They’ll help you understand your cat’s behaviour and create a targeted plan to improve the behaviour through science-based methods that support your cat’s well-being. Often, the behaviourist, vet, and family all work together to achieve the best outcome. While each case is unique, meaningful progress can happen in just a few months.

What Does Cat Spray Smell Like?

Because of the concentration of pheromones, cat spray has a strong odour. It’s sometimes described as an ammonia scent with a musky smell. Quandt has joked that it’s better than pepper spray to repel a mugger. 

Cat pee smells so bad due to the presence of pheromones, fatty acids, and other compounds in the urine. Cat spray smells extra bad because the pee is more concentrated during spraying than in normal urination. And cat pee smells worse as time goes by: the breakdown of these compounds by bacteria releases ammonia and mercaptans, further contributing to the pungent, lasting odour.

• Pheromones and Fatty Acids: Cat spray, also known as scent marking, involves the release of urine containing a higher concentration of pheromones (chemical signals used for communication) and fatty acids compared to regular urination. These compounds have strong, distinctive odors, making the spray more pungent.

• Bacterial Decomposition: After the urine is deposited, bacteria begin to break down the urea (a waste product in urine). This process releases ammonia, which is a key component of the characteristic cat urine smell.

• Mercaptans: As the urine decomposes further, mercaptans are produced. These are sulfur-containing compounds that are also found in skunk spray, known for their intense and unpleasant odor.

• Concentration: Cats, being desert animals, have evolved to conserve water, resulting in highly concentrated urine. This concentrated urine, with its high levels of waste products and pheromones, contributes to the strong, persistent smell.

How to Get Rid of Cat Spray Smell (And Why It’s Essential to Get Rid of the Smell)

Because of the pheromones that are released when a cat sprays, it can encourage them to spray in the same spot. If you notice this, Dr. Spano recommends cleaning the area twice daily for at least a month. She recommends using an enzymatic cleaner, like Anti Icky Poo or Urine Off to remove the pheromones. It’s important to let this cleaner sit for 5 minutes before wiping it down. Here are detailed instructions for how to remove cat pee smell from clothes and bedding.

Deterrent for Cats Spraying

Dr. Spano says that a feline calming pheromone, like Feliway, can be applied to the area so that your cat is less likely to spray there. She recommends applying this after the enzymatic cleaner has been wiped up. Another option if your cat is spraying in the same location is to change the function of the space. “Cats are less likely to spray where they eat, drink, sleep, and play,” says Dr. Spano.

What to Do If You Catch Your Cat Spraying

If you catch your cat spraying, it’s important to avoid punishing them. “Punishment may decrease the likelihood of an undesirable behavior, but it does not teach the cat what to do instead – there are no coping mechanisms being learned. And so, without addressing the root of the issue and providing your cat with alternatives, the cat will either find another place in hiding to spray and/or resort back eventually to the only behaviour they know in stressful situations: spraying,” says Dr. Spano.

Interested in cat behaviour? Check out more of our articles here.

Let’s face it—cats are intriguing creatures. Throughout history, civilizations large and small have recognized the unique nature of these special creatures. And today, we’re still amazed at their peculiar ways—from how they bolt around the house and play with toys to playing with each other and their human friends and owners.

However, even the biggest cat lovers and enthusiasts might not truly understand or appreciate how extraordinary these feline companions are. In this article, we’ll share a few little-known feline secrets that may deepen your appreciation for these remarkable animals.

10 Interesting Facts About Cats

 Whether you’re a lifelong cat enthusiast or just want to learn a bit about their curious behaviors, there’s bound to be something here that will make you smile. 

Check out this list of interesting facts about cats that will surprise and delight!

1. Can you hear me now? Cats have exceptional hearing – almost five times stronger than a human’s ability, and even have a broader range of pitch detection than dogs. They can even hear ultrasonic noises that may signal an upcoming earthquake. 
2. Nice grill! Cats have 30 adult teeth specifically designed to shred meat rather than chew it, with their canines being extra sharp so that they can efficiently break the necks of their prey. 
3. Poor Tweety Bird: Did you know that cats are responsible for killing an estimated 566 million birds annually? This is partly because of their innate ability to stalk prey and pounce silently!
4. Lefties and Righties: Just as humans are predominantly left- or right-handed, cats prefer one paw. Around 40% of cats are left-pawed, 20% favor their right paw, and 40% use both equally, making them ambidextrous.
5. Shedding: Most cats’ fur comprises a soft, fine undercoat and a longer, coarser topcoat. They shed their fur in response to seasonal daylight changes, typically in spring. Indoor cats, on the other hand, may shed their fur year-round due to their exposure to artificial light bulbs. 
6. Time Keepers. A cat’s sense of time is remarkably sharp and accurate. Many cat owners say their cat can ‘sense’ exactly when feeding time is and when their owner will return home. Cats tend to have unique intelligence and awareness of subtle environmental changes, enabling them to notice routine shifts.
7. Why the Whiskers? A cat’s whiskers are more than just a charming and cute feature. First, they’re packed with sensory nerves that gather information about their immediate surroundings. Second, they play a crucial role in hunting as they help detect movement. Lastly, cats use them to communicate their mood. When the whiskers are pushed forward, they are curious, focused on playing or tracking prey.  
8. Why are Siamese so vocal? Siamese are known for being quite vocal, this is their way of demanding attention. These highly intelligent and affectionate creatures are known as ‘people cats’ because of the deep connection they typically form with their human companions. 
9. The Maine Coon Cat: This gentle giant is one of America’s favorite cat breeds. The Maine Coon is a gentle giant and one of America’s favorite cat breeds. With males weighing over 20 pounds, these cats are impressively large yet remarkably laid-back. They are also described as having dog-like qualities, making them both unique and endearing pets.
10. Impression Lineage: Today’s domestic cats trace their lineage to Felis silvestris lybica, a small wild cat from Africa. Unlike lions and tigers, this branch of the evolutionary tree is distinct and was key to the domestication of cats. Evidence of this origin was found in a 2004 discovery in Cyprus, where a cat buried alongside its owner revealed that humans began domesticating cats over 9,500 years ago.

Quick-Read Cat Trivia

By combining their sharp instincts, impressive abilities, and unique quirks, cats continue to be a source of wonder for their humans. 

• A Record-Breaking Life: The oldest cat on record, Creme Puff, lived an astonishing 38 years and 3 days. Born in Texas in 1967 and passing in 2005, this feline defied expectations and taught us that cats can enjoy remarkable longevity with a loving home and good care.
• No Sweet Tooth: Unlike humans and dogs, cats can’t taste sweetness! This is because they lack the taste receptors for sugary flavors. If your cat seems unimpressed by desserts, it’s simply biology at play. Their taste buds are more attuned to savoring meaty and savory delights, which aligns with their carnivorous nature.
• Purring Power: Beyond being adorable, a cat’s purring may actually have healing benefits. Studies suggest that purring at certain frequencies is linked to bone healing and tissue regeneration. Some researchers also believe purring serves as a self-soothing mechanism, helping cats relax and recover during stress or injury.

Wrapping Up with Purr-fect Cat Tales

Cats truly are captivating companions, brimming with curiosity, quirks, and tales that enrich our lives. From their mysterious biology to their endearing habits, these incredible animals amaze us with their charm and uniqueness. Whether it’s learning that their purrs might hold healing powers or marveling at their unexpected lack of a sweet tooth, there’s always more to uncover about our feline friends.

Now it’s your turn! What’s your favorite feline fact? Or perhaps you have a unique cat story of your own? Share it with us — we’d love to hear how cats have brought wonder into your world!

Feature Image by krystianwin from Pixabay

Second Image by Foden Nguyen from Pixabay

Read Caption

Illustrations by Michelle Simpson

Whether your cats are fighting or showing subtler signs of aggression and stress, these proven strategies will increase harmony in your multi-cat household.

How to Help Cats Get Along When They Don’t Like Each Other

Step 1. Adjust Your Expectations

Many times, we expect our current cats to behave like our previous cats did. Maybe your previous cats were BFFs and cuddled and played together well. But not all cats will be friends. In these cases, the goal is not cuddling—the goal is safe co-existence. That might mean that it’s better if your cats choose to avoid each other as much as possible. And that’s okay as long as your cats are happy and relaxed.

Step 2. Collect Cat Data + Make a Map

Start by understanding what is going on. I encourage my cat behaviour clients to keep a log of when and where there is there conflict in the home. Behaviour is rarely random, and often there are clear patterns. I also like to draw a map of the home, with the cats’ “stuff” (litter boxes, food, water, beds, scratching posts) clearly labelled. 

Where does each cat like to spend their time? Which areas are used by multiple cats? And which are used by only one cat? This can help you determine each cat’s unique and shared territories. Now add conflict areas to the map and see if there are connections between specific resources and the problems you are observing.

For each important resource (litter boxes, food, water, beds, scratching posts), you need at least as many of them as you have cats.

Step 3. Make Sure You Have Enough Cat Resources to Go Around

When it comes to cats, more resources are better! You will never go wrong by adding another litter box or cat tree. For each important resource (litter boxes, food, water, beds, scratching posts), you need at least as many of them as you have cats—i.e., if you have three cats, you need three litter boxes minimum. Be sure to spread these resources throughout your home so that all cats can access what they need without competition. Use your map (Step 2) to help you identify where there are gaps or where one cat’s territory might not have everything they need within it. 

Be sure to give your cats plenty of space at mealtimes. Feeding cats several feet apart, or even in separate rooms, is ideal.

People often make the mistake of feeding cats near each other to try to make them like each other. But keep in mind that cats are not social eaters—they hunt prey animals that are too small to share. Their instinct is to eat alone, so feeding them together can be more stressful than helpful. Be sure to give your cats plenty of space at mealtimes. Feeding cats several feet apart, or even in separate rooms, is ideal.

Step 4. Use Training (Yes, cats can be trained!)

Hopefully we no longer need to inform people that yes, cats can be trained! In addition to training our cats to do cute tricks, we can use training to reward cats for good behaviour around each other.

Training a cat to sit can easily be turned into training your cat to stay. You can train multiple cats to sit in their places calmly when together, allowing them to earn treats for the behaviours YOU want them to show together.

Through training, you can reward cats for making good choices in their interactions with each other.

You can train a recall or target in cats (asking them to come to you or to touch their nose to an offered finger), just like you can for dogs. Now we have tools in our toolkit to stop cats from chasing each other or getting in another cat’s personal space. Through training, you can reward cats for making good choices in their interactions with each other.

Step 5. Play With Your Cats!

As the saying goes, tired pets are happy pets. Interactive playtime with wand toys is a great way to exercise cats and reduce stress. For scared cats, it can provide a confidence boost. For overactive cats, it can reduce that excess energy. This allows all cats to come to any interactions feeling a bit more relaxed.

In a multi-cat household, be sure to separate cats for playtime as needed. This prevents one cat from hogging the toy, gives everyone the chance to play, and stops cats from accidentally jumping on each other!

Step 6. Don’t Let Them Fight It Out

If your cats are actively fighting, the time to intervene is NOW. Fighting will not make your cats like each other. Cat fights can lead to injuries and secondary behaviour problems, such as litter box avoidance. Talk to your veterinarian and ask for a referral for a qualified behaviour professional.

Cat fights can lead to injuries and secondary behaviour problems, such as litter box avoidance.

You may need to separate and re-introduce your cats for a relationship reset. Many cat parents may also utilize management (via baby gates and screen doors) to keep cats separated when they can’t supervise. In some cases, your veterinarian or a veterinary behaviorist may suggest behaviour medications to help your cats.

To sum…

Sadly, some cats are not meant to live together, and in some cases, one or more cats may need to be rehomed. But by following the steps I’ve laid out for you, you will give your cats the best chance to live together peacefully, even if they aren’t best friends. 

This article originally appeared in the award-winning Modern Cat magazine. Subscribe today!