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• Emotional abuse leaves lasting scars: Dogs can suffer deep trauma even without physical harm.
• Food aggression often signals neglect: Guarding food or eating frantically can stem from past starvation.
• Separation anxiety reflects past abandonment: Excessive barking, destruction, or distress when left alone are common signs.
• Antisocial or submissive behavior shows fear: Cowering, avoidance, or rolling over may indicate previous mistreatment.
• Idiopathic fear reveals emotional instability: Unpredictable fear responses can result from unstable or abusive environments.

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Recognizing Emotional Signs of Dog Abuse

Not all forms of dog abuse are physical. Some cruelty is emotional and can leave lasting scars that affect a dog’s behavior, confidence, and ability to trust. Recognizing these emotional signs of dog abuse is essential to help your pet heal and thrive in a safe environment.

Key Emotional Signs of Dog Abuse:

• Food aggression: Often caused by inconsistent feeding or past neglect.
• Separation anxiety: Common in rehomed or abandoned dogs.
• Antisocial behavior: Results from a lack of early socialization or exposure to people and other animals.
• Overly submissive behavior: Indicates fear, trauma, or previous harsh discipline.
• Idiopathic fear: Triggered by unpredictable sounds, movements, or changes in environment.

Recognizing these signs of emotional abuse in dogs is the first step toward recovery. If your pet shows any of these behaviors, consult a veterinarian or certified dog behaviorist. With the right care and consistency, most dogs can rebuild trust and enjoy a better quality of life.

Understanding Food Aggression as an Emotional Sign of Dog Abuse

Food aggression is one of the most recognizable emotional signs of dog abuse. This behavior often appears when a dog has been neglected, inconsistently fed, or starved in the past. The anxiety surrounding food can create a sense of urgency and defensiveness, leading to aggressive or protective behavior during mealtimes.

Common Signs of Food Aggression

• Frantic or rapid eating
• Guarding the food bowl and refusing to move when approached
• Ignoring commands to leave the food
• Growling, snapping, or biting if someone gets too close

Why Food Aggression Develops

When a dog has experienced hunger or food insecurity, eating becomes tied to survival rather than comfort. The fear of losing a meal can cause them to react defensively, even in safe environments. This behavior is rooted in emotional trauma, not dominance or stubbornness.

Managing Food Aggression Safely

If your dog shows signs of food aggression, avoid punishment, it can worsen fear and mistrust. Instead, contact your veterinarian or a certified dog behaviorist. They can guide you through structured feeding routines, desensitization training, and positive reinforcement techniques.

Proper management not only protects you and your household but also helps rebuild your dog’s sense of security around food.

Recognizing Separation Anxiety as an Emotional Sign of Dog Abuse

Separation anxiety is one of the most common emotional signs of dog abuse, particularly in dogs who have been rehomed, abandoned, or frequently relocated. When these dogs are left alone, even for a few minutes, they can experience overwhelming distress rooted in fear of abandonment.

Common Symptoms of Separation Anxiety

• Destructive chewing or scratching
• Howling, whining, or barking when left alone
• Pacing, panting, or shaking
• Urinating or defecating indoors despite being house-trained
• Excessive excitement or clinginess when you return

These behaviors are not acts of disobedience, they are signs of deep emotional pain and insecurity.

Why Separation Anxiety Develops

Dogs thrive on stability and companionship. Those who’ve experienced emotional abuse, neglect, or repeated changes in caregivers often struggle to trust that their person will return. This fear becomes an ingrained anxiety response, leading to panic whenever they’re left alone.

Managing Separation Anxiety

From crate training to medicating, there are various methods for managing separation anxiety depending on the severity of the situation. For more insights on rehomed animals and dealing with extreme anxiety in dogs, consider reading these resources.

Identifying Antisocial Behavior as an Emotional Sign of Dog Abuse

Antisocial behavior is another subtle yet powerful emotional sign of dog abuse. Dogs who have been mistreated or poorly socialized may develop fear or distrust toward both humans and other animals. This can manifest as withdrawal, avoidance, or even aggression in certain situations.

How Antisocial Behavior Manifests

• Avoiding eye contact or physical touch
• Hiding behind furniture or keeping distance from people
• Growling, barking, or snapping when approached
• Refusing to interact with other dogs or new visitors

These behaviors often stem from negative past experiences such as punishment, neglect, or isolation during critical socialization stages.

Why Lack of Socialization Leads to Fear

Puppies learn social skills through exposure to new people, animals, and environments. When that early development is disrupted by neglect or emotional abuse, dogs can grow up feeling insecure and defensive. A dog that was never taught how to interact positively may interpret any unfamiliar situation as a threat.

This kind of fear-based behavior doesn’t mean the dog is “bad” it’s a reflection of past trauma and an emotional coping mechanism.

Helping a Dog Overcome Antisocial Tendencies

The key to rebuilding confidence in an antisocial dog is patience and positive reinforcement. Avoid forcing interactions; instead, focus on creating safe and predictable experiences that slowly rebuild trust.

Practical ways to help your dog include:

• Encourage gentle exposure to calm, non-threatening environments.
• Use positive reinforcement reward curiosity, calmness, and social engagement with treats and praise.
• Avoid punishment or forced contact, which can increase fear and mistrust.
• Introduce new people and animals gradually, allowing your dog to set the pace.
• Maintain consistency and routine to help your dog feel secure.

For dogs showing severe anxiety or aggression, consult a veterinarian or certified behaviorist. They can design a customized rehabilitation plan that emphasizes safety, confidence building, and positive association.

With time and understanding, even the most withdrawn dogs can relearn social comfort and build healthy emotional bonds.

Recognizing Submission as an Emotional Sign of Dog Abuse

Submission in dogs can be normal, but when it becomes excessive, it may indicate emotional trauma. Overly submissive behavior is often one of the emotional signs of dog abuse, especially when rooted in fear, intimidation, or harsh discipline.

Signs of Excessive Submission:

• Cowering or lowering the body when approached
• Rolling over with the tail tucked tightly
• Avoiding eye contact or freezing in place
• Submissive urination, especially when being greeted or scolded

These behaviors are a sign that the dog associates people or even normal household activity with potential danger.

Why Some Dogs Become Overly Submissive

Overly submissive behavior often develops when a dog has been punished harshly, yelled at frequently, or exposed to unpredictable environments. This creates a sense of learned helplessness, where the dog tries to avoid any behavior that might result in conflict.

Some key factors include:

• Inconsistent training or harsh corrections
• Emotional neglect or lack of positive attention
• Trauma from previous owners or other animals
• Low confidence due to fear-based environments

How to Help a Submissive Dog Regain Confidence

The best way to address excessive submission is through gentle encouragement and confidence-building:

• Avoid scolding or punishment, even for submissive urination it only reinforces fear.
• Encourage independence with games, training, and problem-solving activities.
• Use positive reinforcement (treats, praise, and calm affection) to reward relaxed body language.
• Create predictable routines so your dog feels safe and knows what to expect.
• Give space and patience forcing interaction can make fear worse.

Helping a submissive dog heal takes compassion, consistency, and time. By focusing on trust and security, you can help your dog regain confidence and rebuild a healthy emotional balance.

Understanding Idiopathic Fear as an Emotional Sign of Dog Abuse

Idiopathic fear (or extreme anxiety) is one of the more complex emotional signs of dog abuse. Unlike anxiety tied to a specific event or trigger, idiopathic fear refers to unpredictable, generalized anxiety that may stem from long-term emotional stress or trauma. Dogs with this condition can react fearfully to seemingly innocuous stimuli (noise, light changes, vibration, or shifts in routine).

How Extreme Anxiety Manifests in Dogs

Dogs suffering from idiopathic fear or extreme anxiety may show:

• Freezing or “shutdown” behavior in response to stimuli
• Overreaction to minor triggers (e.g. sudden sound, lighting change)
• Panting, trembling, pacing, or excessive drooling
• Avoidance, hiding, or attempts to flee
• Self-destructive behaviors (e.g. licking or biting themselves)
• House‐soiling or urination during stress episodes

These signs often worsen over time if unchecked, and can significantly impair the dog’s quality of life.

Why It Develops

While idiopathic fear doesn’t always have an obvious cause, past emotional neglect or abuse can create a foundation of chronic instability. Key contributing factors include:

• Repeated exposure to unpredictable or chaotic environments
• Inconsistent routines or unstable homes
• Prior trauma or abandonment
• Genetic predisposition or neurological sensitivity

Because the triggers can be subtle or change over time, identifying and treating idiopathic fear requires careful attention and expertise.

Safe & Effective Management Strategies

When extreme anxiety is severe, a multifaceted approach is often required. Here are recommended steps:

• Behavioral modification: Use desensitization and counter-conditioning to gradually expose the dog to fear-inducing stimuli in a controlled, positive way
• Safe space creation: Provide a calm, quiet retreat crate, den, or cozy nook with comforting items
• Predictable routines: Keep feeding, walks, play, and rest schedules consistent
• Positive reinforcement: Reward calm behavior and focus on building trust and confidence
• Avoid punishment: Harsh reactions only exacerbate fear
• Consult professionals: Work with a veterinarian or certified behaviorist some dogs benefit from medication in conjunction with training
• Monitor safety: In high-anxiety episodes, protect your dog from injuring themselves until they calm

To understand how this chronic stress affects behavior, see our guide on extreme anxiety in dogs

Helpful Products to Support Dogs Recovering from Emotional Abuse

Calming Pheromone Diffusers

Pheromone diffusers like ThunderEase release comforting scents that mimic a mother dog’s natural pheromones. They can ease tension and reduce fear-based behaviors in dogs struggling with separation anxiety or idiopathic fear.

Slow Feeder Bowls

Dogs with a history of neglect or inconsistent feeding may eat too quickly or guard their food. A slow feeder bowl

Calming Chews or Supplements

Natural supplements like Lazarus Naturals Pet CBD can help regulate stress levels in dogs experiencing chronic anxiety. Learn more about Lazarus Naturals Pet CBD in our editorial spotlight here.

Interactive Toys and Puzzle Feeders

Confidence often grows through play. Interactive puzzle toys engage a dog’s mind, encourage curiosity, and promote independence especially important for dogs who have learned to be overly submissive or withdrawn. A mentally stimulated dog is more likely to feel secure and balanced.

Managing Emotional Signs of Dog Abuse

Much like people, not all dogs respond the same way to emotional abuse. One dog may shut down completely, cowering in the corner of a shelter kennel after being surrendered by their people, never recovering from the sense of abandonment. In contrast, another dog may accept the change without batting an eye.

Emotional abuse may not be as apparent as physical abuse, which leaves visible marks, but it is every bit as harmful. Recognizing the emotional signs of dog abuse is crucial. If you suspect your dog has been a victim, it’s important to discuss treatment options with your vet before the effects of emotional abuse manifest into something more dangerous.

Steps to Take if You Suspect Emotional Abuse:

• Observe and document any unusual behaviors
• Consult with a veterinarian or animal behaviorist
• Implement training or therapy as recommended
• Provide a stable and loving environment for recovery

Understanding and addressing emotional abuse in dogs requires careful observation and professional guidance. For more insights into the emotional pain animals can experience, consider reading this article on emotional pain in animals.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What are the common emotional signs of dog abuse?

Common signs include food aggression, separation anxiety, antisocial behavior, excessive submission, and idiopathic fear.

Can emotional abuse in dogs be treated?

Yes, emotional abuse can often be treated with a combination of training, therapy, and a stable, loving environment.

How can I help my dog recover from emotional abuse?

Provide consistent care, consult a veterinarian or behaviorist, and use positive reinforcement training techniques.

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Nature versus nurture: It’s an age-old debate, especially when applied to the question of who the most aggressive dogs are.

Any dog who endures an abusive, neglectful, or life-threatening situation can become aggressive. Does that mean these are bad dogs?

Absolutely not.

However, some dog breeds were bred for centuries to become protectors and hunters, and those traits are stamped on their genes. This doesn’t mean that every animal in the breed is aggressive, but simply that the potential is there (and even in what are thought of as the least aggressive dog breeds, you’ll find some outliers).

The point is this: Any dog can be aggressive, and that’s where “nurture” comes in.

Proper training is vital when it comes to helping dogs cope with anxiety and aggression. Moreover, training ensures the safety of your dog and anyone who handles the dog.

• Aggression is not limited to specific breeds: Any dog can show aggression if not properly trained, socialized, or cared for.
• Environment and upbringing play major roles: Dogs raised in stressful, neglectful, or abusive conditions are more likely to develop aggressive behaviors.
• Early training and socialization are essential: Positive reinforcement and controlled exposure to people and other animals help prevent aggression.
• Responsible ownership matters most: Understanding a breed’s temperament, providing structure, and meeting exercise needs can greatly reduce aggression risks.

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Dangerous vs. Aggression

“Dangerous” and “aggressive” are not always comparable — at least in the statistics.

Several small dogs often display more aggressive tendencies than larger breeds, yet it’s the larger breeds that always make the “dangerous dogs” lists and have their bites tracked, sometimes skewing the statistics regarding what type of breed has the most attacks.

“Damage potential” is a term that comes up with insurance companies when these companies are deciding which dogs to place on their “dangerous dogs” list:

• Several breeds such as wolf hybrids, Rottweilers, Dobermans, pit bulls and pit bull mixes, German Shepherds, and Akitas often make the list.
• Yet Chihuahuas, dogs who can and do bite often, are nowhere to be found.

The reason for this disparity? Damage potential.

Damage potential is what an insurance company will use to evaluate a dog breed. They ask: How much damage will this dog cause to a person or property should they attack?

Obviously, a Doberman can do a lot more damage than a Chihuahua, so the Doberman makes the list.

Although this may seem unfair to Doberman fans and other large-breed lovers, it makes sense. Your Doberman may be the most sweet-tempered dog on earth, but other Dobermans may not — and they can cause massive damage.

The result of all this is that the larger breeds often get unfairly labeled as being the most aggressive dogs out there, when — in many cases — it’s dogs who barely reach their kneecaps who deserve the title of most aggressive dogs.

Why Dogs Display Aggression

The dogs who cause damage most likely do so because of their ancestry.

These dogs were bred to be workers, hunters, and baiters. Aggression was deliberately encouraged to get these dogs to perform their specific task better.

Centuries later, those traits are still coded into our dogs’ DNA.

Abuse, neglect, and poor training also play a large role in how any dog of any breed responds to their environment. Any dog can become aggressive under the right conditions. (Say it louder for the people in the back, right?)

When we’re choosing a dog to adopt, history is as important as the dog’s breed:

• Dogs who were allowed to exhibit poor behavior because of their small size often become aggressive, as they see themselves as the alpha.
• Dogs who were abused become aggressive out of fear.
• Dogs who were starved often become food-aggressive.
• Dogs who are not properly socialized often become aggressive to other animals.
• Lastly, people often push their dogs into aggression without realizing it.

Child parenting around dogs is critical. Don’t let your child hit, punch, pull tails, ride the dog or in any way harm or make your dog uncomfortable.

It may make for a cute Facebook video when your child is face-to-face with your dog, but dogs see direct eye contact and full-front facing as a challenge. The dog will be very uncomfortable with a child getting right in their face.

If you constantly let your children treat your dog as their personal jungle gym, don’t be surprised when your dog “suddenly snaps” and bites back. Chances are your dog had been telling you all along with their body language that they were uncomfortable, afraid, and unhappy.

We have the ability and the responsibility to teach our dogs appropriate behavior and response starting in puppyhood, and this can make all the difference. We can promote nurture over nature.

The Most Aggressive Dogs

Opinions vary on which are the “most” aggressive dog breeds. In no particular order, here are 5 breeds that make almost all the lists:

1. Pit Bulls

Let’s take care of the elephant in the room first: the pit bull.

The term “pit bull” is actually not a breed — it refers to the American Staffordshire Terrier, American Pit Bull Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and American Bully.

There’s a lot of debate about pit bulls, and these dogs are often in the news having injured or killed someone.

Pit bulls attack by biting their target and then shaking their head back and forth, an attack style that can instantly lead to catastrophic injuries. These are also focused dogs, and many times they can’t be persuaded to release their grip.

What the news often neglects to report is whether there was a trigger for the aggression, so it’s difficult to say why the dog attacked.

The pit bull is descended from the English bull-baiting dog, which was bred to bite and hold massive animals such as bulls or bears. These dogs were bred to be aggressive, tenacious, and strong.

When bull-baiting was outlawed, breeders began crossing the bull-baiting dog with the terrier to make them quicker and more agile, which started the line of descent to the pit bull we know today.

Stepping back, we can see that the pit bull in all its various incantations today attacks the same way — bite, hold, and shake — and is dogged about maintaining the grip. When we look at the ancestry, we now can understand why.

Pit bulls can make wonderful, devoted, and loving pets. But it’s critical that their humans socialize, evaluate, and continually train them so that, in any given situation, the dog knows how they are to behave.

In 2017, pit bulls were responsible for 74% of fatal dog bites or attacks. However, there is one big qualifier: Often, dog breeds are misidentified, especially in shelters. So some of these attacks may have been by dogs with little or no “pit bull” in them.

The next dog on our list consistently ranks as much more aggressive than the pit bull — we just rarely hear about it.

2. Chihuahuas

Chihuahuas are strong-willed, extremely intelligent dogs.

They are responsive to firm and positive reinforcement-based training and usually turn out to be friendly, curious, and adventurous.

However, the Chihuahua can also be dominant, jealous, aggressive, and untrusting. And when these traits present themselves, a Chihuahua has no problem using those tiny jaws on their target.

Chihuahuas are among the oldest dog breeds in the world and originated in Mexico, prized for their combination of small size and courage.

Chihuahuas are alphas — their intelligence demands no less. Therefore, you need to invest time in training the Chihuahua just as if they were a large-breed dog instead of allowing behaviors — like jumping up — that would not typically be allowed with larger breeds.

Many people think it’s cute when a small dog exhibits stubbornness or refusal to obey. Reimagine the Chihuahua at about 60 pounds, and it’s not so funny anymore.

So, the mentality is the same regardless of the size of the dog: Proper training is key. Don’t allow aggressive or dominant behavior, even if you find it “cute.”

3. Wolf-Dog Hybrids

A dash of common sense will tell you why these animals score high on the aggression index. Wolf-dog hybrids are just what they sound like a combination of wolf and dog.

Wolves and dogs are interfertile, which means they can mate and produce offspring, and their offspring are known as wolf-dog hybrids (regardless of the breed of dog who mates with the wolf).

Dogs have centuries of domestication at their back, but wolves have evolved with none. When wolves reach sexual maturity, their behavior changes. In the wild, this is when they begin asserting themselves as individuals within the pack.

Wolves will challenge the pack leader to achieve a higher position in the pack. In the domesticated household, you are the pack leader, so you might see assertive or aggressive behavior where there was none before:

• Territory might become increasingly important to your wolf-dog hybrid.
• You might start seeing urination inside the house as the dog marks their territory.
• Strangers may elicit a much stronger response from the wolf-dog hybrid than previously seen.

However, mating between wolves and dogs is consistent in only one area: It produces highly inconsistent offspring, also making it one of the most unpredictable dog breeds.

Some wolf-dog hybrids are just as laid-back as you are, while others seem to be taking all their cues from The Call of the Wild. Even animals from the same litter can demonstrate wildly differing behavioral traits.

So it’s up to you to do intensive research on both dogs and wolves before bringing a wolf-dog hybrid into your home.

This is not a pet that typically does well lying around on the sofa all day. They require lots of consistent and repetitive training as well as plenty of exercise and mental stimulation.

4. Dachshunds

That’s right — here’s another small pup on the list of most aggressive dogs to prove that size is no indicator of aggressive tendencies.

According to a study published in the journal Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Dachshunds rank among the most aggressive dog breeds in terms of aggression against both people and other animals.

Like the Chihuahua, this is likely because the Dachshund’s size makes it easy to overlook inappropriate behaviors such as jumping, barking, and snarling.

Dachshunds originated in Germany, where they were bred to hunt badgers, small animals who are fierce fighters when cornered. The Dachshunds’ short legs allowed them to follow badgers right into their dens and fight to the death.

Today, Dachshunds still have a strong prey drive, so it’s not smart to allow them around smaller mammals.

They’re also independent, intelligent, and strong-willed. They will become aggressive if you don’t train them properly or set boundaries.

5. Jack Russell Terriers

The Jack Russell Terrier makes a great pet. These dogs are intelligent, agile, and fun-loving, and they were bred to hunt foxes and other small game in the mid-1800s.

But again, without a strong pack leader to set rules and boundaries, these dogs can and do demonstrate aggression toward other people and animals — and will bite.

Small dogs like the Jack Russell Terrier tend not to be as well trained as larger dogs, so they can develop “small dog syndrome” — where a small dog thinks they are head of the household and acts accordingly.

In the Applied Animal Behaviour Science study, Jack Russell Terriers ranked 3rd overall in aggressive tendencies.

Myths and Facts About Most Aggressive Dogs

Myth 1: Only Large Dogs Are Aggressive

• Fact: Small dogs can be just as aggressive as large dogs. Breeds like Chihuahuas and Dachshunds are known for their aggressive tendencies, despite their size.

Myth 2: Aggressive Dogs Are Born That Way

• Fact: While genetics can play a role, environment, training, and socialization are crucial factors. Any dog can become aggressive under the right (or wrong) circumstances.

Myth 3: Certain Breeds Are Naturally Aggressive

• Fact: No breed is inherently aggressive. Individual dogs within any breed can vary greatly in temperament and behavior. Proper training and care are key.

Myth 4: Aggressive Dogs Can’t Be Trained

• Fact: Many aggressive behaviors can be mitigated or eliminated with proper training, socialization, and professional help if needed. Dogs are capable of learning and adapting.

Myth 5: Aggressive Behavior Is Always a Sign of a Bad Dog

• Fact: Aggression can often be a response to fear, pain, or discomfort. It’s important to understand the underlying cause and address it appropriately.

Tips for Managing an Aggressive Dog

• Stay Calm and Assertive: Your dog can sense your emotions, so staying calm and assertive can help prevent escalating aggressive behavior.
• Identify Triggers: Observe what triggers your dog’s aggression and work to avoid or manage these situations.
• Provide Regular Exercise: Regular physical activity helps to reduce pent-up energy and stress, which can contribute to aggression.
• Use Positive Reinforcement: Reward good behavior with treats and praise to encourage positive interactions.
• Seek Professional Help: If your dog’s aggression is severe, consult a professional dog trainer or behaviorist for tailored guidance and support.
• Socialize Your Dog: Gradually expose your dog to different environments, people, and other animals to build their confidence and reduce fear-based aggression.
• Set Clear Boundaries: Establish and consistently enforce rules and boundaries to provide structure and security for your dog.

Recommended Training and Safety Tools

Proper training and safety gear can make a big difference for strong or reactive dogs. Here are some expert-approved essentials to help build better behavior and control:

Always choose size-appropriate gear and consult a certified trainer or veterinarian for behavior concerns.

Recommended Calming and Enrichment Tools

Managing reactivity or high energy often takes more than training alone. These proven tools and resources can help support calmer behavior and overall emotional well-being.

Always consult your veterinarian before adding any new supplements or relaxation aids to your dog’s routine.

Additional Aggressive Dog Breeds

Other dog breeds that tend to come up repeatedly when discussing aggression are:

Final Thoughts on the Most Aggressive Dogs

Training (nurture) can make a huge impact on nature.

In no way are all dogs of any breed “bad.” Many — in fact, most — small dog breeds can become aggressive due to small dog syndrome, yet we rarely hear about these breeds because they’re simply (in most cases) incapable of causing the type of damage that a German Shepherd can.

The unifying factor when it comes to aggression is training.

Training should take place from an early age, if possible. Be consistent, firm, positive and repetitive.

Training is continual — it’s never done. Continually refresh your dog’s training and socialize them as often as possible to help prevent aggression toward other animals and people. Ultimately, training can save your dog’s life.

Teach your children how to properly handle having a dog in the home, and watch your dog for body language that indicates distress, fear, or discomfort.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What are the most aggressive dogs?

The most aggressive dogs by breed often include Pit Bulls, Chihuahuas, Wolf-Dog Hybrids, Dachshunds, and Jack Russell Terriers.

References

• Dickey, Bronwen. Pit Bull: The Battle Over an American Icon. Penguin Random House. 2017.
• Coren, Stanley, PhD, DSc, FSRC. “14 Dog Breeds Blacklisted by Insurance Companies.” Psychology Today. May 27, 2014. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/canine-corner/201405/14-dog-breeds-blacklisted-insurance-companies.
• Nolen, R. Scott. “The Dangerous Dog Debate.” American Veterinary Medical Association. Nov. 1, 2017. https://www.avma.org/news/javmanews/pages/171115a.aspx.
• McCarthy, Niell. “America’s Most Dangerous Dog Breeds [Infographic].” Forbes. Sept. 13, 2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2018/09/13/americas-most-dangerous-dog-breeds-infographic/#165736a062f8.
• “Position Statement on Pit Bulls.” ASPCA. https://www.aspca.org/about-us/aspca-policy-and-position-statements/position-statement-pit-bulls.
• “2017 Dog Bite Fatalities.” DogsBite.org. 2017. https://www.dogsbite.org/dog-bite-statistics-fatalities-2017.php.
• Hare, Brian, and Vanessa Woods. “Pit Bulls Are Chiller Than Chihuahuas.” Atlantic. Sept. 19, 2016. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/09/pit-bulls-are-chiller-than-chihuahuas/500558/.
• “Wolf-Dog Hybrids.” International Wolf Center. https://www.wolf.org/wolf-info/basic-wolf-info/wolves-and-humans/wolf-dog-hybrids/.
• Duffy, Deborah L., PhD, Yuying Hsu, PhD, and James A. Serpell, PhD. “Breed Differences in Canine Aggression.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 114, no. 3–4 (Dec. 1, 2008): 441–460. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168159108001147.

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Welcome to our “Ask Dr. Paola” series, where every Monday we bring expert advice straight from Dr. Paola Cuevas (MVZ) to help our readers better understand their dog’s health and well-being.

Whether you’re a new pet parent or a seasoned dog lover, Dr. Paola is here to provide answers to your most pressing questions. From nutrition tips and preventive care to troubleshooting common behavioral issues, Dr. Paola is ready to offer insights that will keep your furry friend happy and healthy. Stay tuned for expert guidance on a range of topics that matter most to you and your dog, so you can make informed decisions and provide the best possible care for your canine companion. ‎Have‎ a ‎question? Send it in here!

Help! My Dog Won’t Stop Licking His Bed!

“My dog Marshall won’t stop licking his dog bed at night, and he lies right beside my bed. The sound is not exactly the white noise sound I’d like to hear right before I fall asleep. I’m sure he’s doing it out of comfort, and as much as I’d love to have him in my bed, he gets nervous when I bring him up and wants to go down immediately. What can I do?”– Caleb

Hi Caleb,

What you are noticing with Marshall is actually quite common. Many dogs use repetitive licking as a way to unwind, almost like children who hum or rock themselves before falling asleep. While it helps him relax, the sound can certainly make it harder for you to drift off, and in some cases, it may even reflect a need for a little extra support. Since Marshall does not feel settled in your bed, the goal is to give him other comforting options that work for both of you.

A safe chew or a food puzzle before bedtime can be a wonderful alternative. Chewing releases calming endorphins, much like licking does, but the activity is usually quieter and often helps dogs ease into sleep more smoothly. A stuffed toy that encourages gentle gnawing rather than hard crunching is especially useful, since it gives Marshall the soothing effect he seeks without the constant sound. Adding a white noise machine can also help, creating a calm environment where his nighttime habits are less noticeable.

Making sure Marshall gets plenty of exercise and mental enrichment during the day will set him up for a more restful night. If his licking suddenly becomes more intense or you notice other changes in his behavior, a veterinary check is always wise to rule out things like skin irritation or digestive discomfort. Most often, though, with a few adjustments to his routine, both you and Marshall can end the day on a much more peaceful note. I hope this helps!

– Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog Eats Anything & Everything!

“My dog Indie is extremely food motivated. Although I measure his meals so he gets exactly what he needs and do my best to make sure he doesn’t get any human food, if he has access to anything (literally ANYTHING that may be considered food), he will eat until he is sick and pooping everywhere. Is there a way I can curb this behavior or help him change his mindset about food/eating? He is not aggressive about food; I can take things away from him no problem (he’s a mild-hearted chihuahua rescue), just very passionate about engorging. “ – Emily

Hi Emily,

It sounds like Indie’s relationship with food is very intense, and that is not unusual for a rescue dog who may have faced hunger in the past. For many dogs, eating quickly and excessively becomes an instinctive survival strategy, even when their needs are now consistently met. While we cannot erase that history, we can help him feel secure by managing his environment and channeling his love for food in healthier ways.

The best place to start is with prevention, making sure no food or edible items are left where he can access them. Trash bins with secure lids, sealed containers, and careful kitchen habits are essential. Since Indie is highly food motivated, enrichment tools such as puzzle feeders, snuffle mats, or stuffed toys can give him the satisfaction of working for his meals while naturally slowing him down. Dividing his ration into several smaller meals instead of two larger ones can also ease that feeling of urgency.

Most often, this type of behavior is rooted in habit and past experience. However, there are medical conditions that can cause dogs to seem excessively hungry, including diabetes mellitus, Cushing’s disease, intestinal parasites, or malabsorption problems. If Indie’s appetite ever seems to intensify suddenly, or if you notice weight changes despite controlled feeding, it would be wise to have him examined to rule out these possibilities. With consistent structure and a little creativity, most dogs like Indie gradually settle into a calmer routine around food, feeling both secure and well cared for.
Best,

Best,

– Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog Ate a Button!

“My small puppy, Billie, is a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, and she ate a small button. What should we do?”  – Tina

Hi Tina,

When a puppy eats something like a button, it is always considered potentially dangerous, because objects that small can still obstruct the gastrointestinal tract. Puppies, especially small breeds like Cavaliers, have very narrow intestines, so even items that seem tiny to us may get stuck and prevent food from moving normally. This can lead to serious complications if not addressed promptly.

The safest step is to have Billie examined by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Please let this be a reminder to all readers that the Ask Dr. Paola form is not a place for emergencies and does not replace veterinary care.

Depending on how recently she swallowed the button, your vet may be able to induce vomiting safely to bring it back up. If more time has passed, they will likely recommend imaging, such as X-rays, to confirm the button’s location and decide whether it can be monitored or if intervention is needed. Until then, it is best not to try home remedies, since they can increase the risk of injury. Because foreign body ingestion can quickly become an emergency in small puppies, prompt veterinary attention is truly the best course of action here. Please don’t wait, it’s better to be safe than sorry.

Sincerely,

– Dr. Paola

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Is your dog waking you up once in a while? It’s probably harmless. But if those nighttime nudges, scratches, or whines are happening frequently, vets say it’s not something you should ignore.

Sometimes the cause is simple (like eating too close to bedtime), but in other cases, it’s linked to medical issues, anxiety, or even age-related changes. Knowing the difference is key to protecting your pup’s health (and your sleep).

How Much Sleep Do Dogs Need?

Dogs need more sleep than we do, but the amount depends on their age:

• Puppies: 12–20 hours daily, usually broken into naps after bursts of zoomies.
• Adults: Around 12 hours total.
• Seniors: Often even more, as their bodies tire more quickly.

So if your dog is up more often than seems normal, one of these six reasons could explain why.

The 6 Common Reasons Your Dog Could Be Waking Up At Night

1. Medical Issue

A sudden change in sleep patterns can point to an underlying health problem. Conditions like urinary tract infections, kidney disease, diabetes, hormone imbalances, digestive troubles, or even sore muscles can all cause discomfort that wakes your dog.

Even if your pup has only recently started waking up once or twice a night, it’s worth a call to your veterinarian. Addressing medical causes early is the safest step.

2. Potty Breaks

When dogs eat or drink too close to bedtime, their bodies may not have time to process before falling asleep. Since most dogs need to eliminate about 30–60 minutes after a meal, late dinners often lead to midnight bathroom runs.

If your dog consistently wakes you to go outside, look at their dinner schedule. Feeding earlier and ensuring one last potty break before bed can reduce nighttime interruptions.

3. Hunger/Thirst

Some dogs wake up because their stomachs are empty or they’re simply thirsty. If your pup eats dinner early in the evening, they may be ready for more long before breakfast.

Try shifting the evening meal to later, or add a small bedtime snack. Just remember to pair it with a final potty break before lights out.

4. Boredom

Not all wake-ups are urgent. Sometimes, your dog just has too much unused energy. A day without enough activity, both physical and mental, can leave them restless once night falls.

To help, increase enrichment during the day. Longer walks, play sessions, puzzle toys, or even training games can all tire out their body and brain. The more engaged they are during daylight hours, the better they’ll sleep when it’s dark.

5. Separation Anxiety

If your dog scratches, barks, or whines when they’re not in the same room as you, separation anxiety could be the reason. Some dogs settle down once allowed into the bedroom, even if they sleep on their own bed. Others may benefit from crate training or a quiet, secure space just for them.

This isn’t an overnight fix, especially for dogs used to sleeping with their owners since puppyhood. Patience, consistency, and extra daytime bonding are key.

6. Sleep Disorders

Though rare, dogs can develop sleep disorders much like humans. Insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and REM behavior disorder can all disrupt rest. Older dogs are more prone, particularly if they’re experiencing canine cognitive dysfunction (similar to dementia).

Signs include pacing, whining, barking, or general restlessness. In many cases, dogs wake their owners simply for comfort — but if these behaviors appear suddenly or grow worse, your vet should be your first call.

What to Do Once Your Dog Is Awake

If you’re sure the cause isn’t medical, ignoring non-urgent wake-ups can help teach your dog that nighttime isn’t playtime. But before you decide to ignore them, it’s important to figure out what’s driving the behavior.

Tips for Helping Your Dog Sleep Soundly

• Take them for a full potty break right before bedtime.
• Set up a safe indoor potty spot if necessary.
• Keep their bed or crate in a quiet, cozy location.
• Use puzzle toys or brain games to prevent boredom.
• Make sure they get plenty of exercise and attention during the day.
• Consider crate training for a consistent sleep space.

Final Thoughts

Dogs may wake their owners at night for many reasons, from hunger or boredom to health problems that need attention.

Don’t brush it off. If the wake-ups are frequent, new, or combined with other symptoms, talk to your vet. With the right care, routine, and reassurance, you can help your dog rest comfortably — and finally reclaim your own good night’s sleep.

Feature Image Credit: Daniel Besic, Shutterstock

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Welcome to our “Ask Dr. Paola” series, where every Monday we bring expert advice straight from Dr. Paola Cuevas (MVZ) to help our readers better understand their dog’s health and well-being.

Whether you’re a new pet parent or a seasoned dog lover, Dr. Paola is here to provide answers to your most pressing questions. From nutrition tips and preventive care to troubleshooting common behavioral issues, Dr. Paola is ready to offer insights that will keep your furry friend happy and healthy. Stay tuned for expert guidance on a range of topics that matter most to you and your dog, so you can make informed decisions and provide the best possible care for your canine companion. ‎Have‎ a ‎question? Send it in here!

Why Is My Dog Chewing the Walls?

“Donny is a beagle, and I have read that beagles get bored easily. He’s 2 years old and has always been well behaved, but recently he’s taken to chewing our walls — the corners, and the other day, the middle of the wall. He got a hole in it and then chewed more. We were only out for 2 hours! He has been left alone for 5-6 hours at a time since he was about 6 months old, so this is new behavior. What should we do? – Fred

Hi Fred,

What you are describing with Donny is quite common in young, intelligent hounds like beagles. Chewing on walls, particularly when it appears suddenly, often signals a mix of boredom, frustration, and possibly separation-related stress. Even though Donny has been comfortable being left alone for longer periods in the past, at two years old, he is in his prime energy stage, and his need for mental and physical stimulation is higher than before. Think of him as an athlete who suddenly has more stamina; if he does not get enough outlets, that energy can redirect into destructive chewing.

The best approach is to enrich his environment and give him jobs that tap into his natural instincts. Beagles are scent hounds, so puzzle feeders, snuffle mats, and scent games are incredibly satisfying for them. Food-dispensing toys allow him to engage in natural foraging behaviors while minimizing hazards. Giving him a long sniff-based walk or structured play session before you leave will also make it easier for him to relax. Since this is a new behavior, I recommend ruling out any underlying medical causes, as gastrointestinal discomfort or dental pain can sometimes lead to abnormal chewing. If all checks out fine, focusing on structured exercise, mental challenges, and providing appropriate outlets for chewing should help reduce the damage to your walls. And, if you need a plan for Donny, you can reach out to our vet team at PangoVet; we are happy to assist you.

Sincerely,

– Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog Barks Like Crazy During Dinner!

“Hello Dr. Paola,

Is there a way to get my dog Luna to stop barking like crazy when it’s dinner time? Thanks “ – Pippa

Hi Pippa,

Many dogs get very excited around mealtimes, and barking can quickly become part of the routine if it has been unintentionally reinforced. Luna has likely learned that barking is followed by the very rewarding event of being fed, so in her mind, the noise works. The good news is that with consistency and patience, you can teach her that calm behavior, not barking, is what makes dinner arrive.

The first step is to change the association by only presenting her meal once she is quiet, even if that means waiting just a few seconds at first. Gradually extend the period of silence you expect before setting the bowl down. You can also redirect her energy by asking for an easy cue she knows, like “sit” or “down,” and rewarding the behavior with her dinner. Over time, this shifts her focus from barking to offering calm, predictable responses. Just like children learn to raise their hands instead of shouting for attention, dogs can learn that stillness and quiet are the behaviors that pay off. If you need support through this process, you can find us at PangoVet. We are happy to help.

– Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog Pee’s in the Middle of the Night!

“Hello Dr. Paola,

I have an issue with Jersey, my 5.5-year-old Goldie. He has always slept well in the
garage in his bed. However, in the past few weeks, he started scratching at the door in the middle of the night. I get up to take him out to pee, and sometimes he’ll go back to sleep. I walk him twice a day, he gets plenty of attention, I feed him well, and he eats. He also
started humping his lounge bed, which is odd. Any idea what is happening and what I can do?” – Davey

Hi Davey,

When a dog who has always slept soundly suddenly begins waking at night and scratching at doors, it is important to first consider possible medical causes. At 5 and a half, Jersey is still young, but changes such as urinary tract infections, digestive upset, or early discomfort in the joints can all lead to restlessness and the need to go outside more frequently. The humping you describe may also point to discomfort, stress, or, in some cases, a medical issue involving the urinary or reproductive system. A thorough veterinary examination, including a urinalysis and physical check, would be the best first step to rule out anything underlying.

If Jersey receives a clean bill of health, then the behavior may be more related to learned patterns or emotional needs. Once a dog experiences that scratching brings you to the door and results in going outside or gaining attention, it can become a habit. In those cases, reinforcing calm behavior, ensuring a consistent bedtime routine, and perhaps providing a quiet activity such as a safe food puzzle before bed can help him settle. Since the changes appeared relatively suddenly, though, I would strongly encourage starting with a veterinary check to make sure nothing physical is driving the new signs. Once you rule out any medical concerns, if you need support with his behavior, you can contact our vets at PangoVet. We would be happy to help you create a specific behavioral modification plan for Jersey.

Bset!

– Dr. Paola

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Most dog owners would probably love to know what their pet is thinking. Unfortunately, our dogs can’t tell us, so it can be hard to know if they’re truly happy or just making do with their surroundings.

While no one can read a dog’s mind, veterinarians are the closest thing we have to dog interpreters ― and they say there are certain behaviors and patterns that can indicate if your dog is living a happy, content life. (And, no, tail-wagging does not necessarily mean that your dog is full of glee.)

Below, vets share how to tell if your dog is happy and offer tips on making your pooch happier:

They have their basic needs met.

It’s hard to be joyful if your basic needs aren’t met, and the same goes for dogs.

“When I think of ‘happy,’ I think about welfare and that a dog has all their needs met,” said Dr. Kate Anderson, a veterinary behaviorist at Cornell University’s Duffield Institute for Animal Behavior in New York. “And that idea goes back quite a ways, to the ’60s.”

Anderson referenced the five freedoms of animal welfare — freedom from hunger and thirst; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury and disease; freedom to exhibit normal behavior; and freedom from fear and distress.

Nowadays, our understanding of dogs’ happiness goes beyond simple criteria like these, Anderson noted. (The same goes for happiness in humans, as evidenced by the thousands and thousands of self-help books on the topic.) But having their basic needs met is a step in the right direction.

They have relaxed body language.

“Happy dogs should have very loose body language,” Anderson said. “They shouldn’t have any tension. Their ears shouldn’t be pulled back. You shouldn’t see the whites of their eyes. Their tail should be at, depending on their breed, a normal angle to their body like 90 degrees, or just relaxed.”

Dr. Kristi Flynn, a primary care veterinarian at the University of Minnesota’s College of Veterinary Medicine, added that their weight should be evenly distributed on all four limbs. They shouldn’t be leaning back or standing with a paw up.

“We can think of the dogs just laying out in the yard in the sun, just laying on their side with their body all relaxed,” Flynn said. “That’s, to me, a sign of a happy or content dog.”

Anderson added that your dog is likely pretty happy if their movements are “loose and they look like noodles.”

They have relaxed facial expressions.

Dogs and humans have similar facial muscles, Flynn explained, so certain facial expressions can show if they feel content.

These include “the absence of a furrowed brow,” she said, and whether they look “relaxed around the eyes, relaxed around the mouth.”

Think about it: When you’re upset, your mouth probably droops and you may squint your eyes. This is not the look of a happy person (or dog). So if you notice a calm, relaxed look across your dog’s face, it’s safe to say that they’re in a good mood.

There’s a set routine for your pet.

Just like toddlers and young children, dogs like things to be predictable, Anderson said. “It’s not that they don’t want novelty and excitement, but they don’t want the whole world to be constantly different,” she noted.

According to Anderson, the toughest times of the year for dogs are when human schedules change. This can happen amid the holidays, a big trip or a return to the office.

While vacations are of course allowed ― and a return to the office is likely out of your control ― it’s important to stick to a routine as much as possible with your pet and to establish a new routine when change has to happen.

MixMedia via Getty Images

They take part in enrichment, like exercise, training or using puzzle toys.

Getting your pooch plenty of exercise is important; not only can it help keep their weight in a healthy range, but it can also provide them with much-needed enrichment.

“I categorize exercise under enrichment, and enrichment is a really broad topic,” Anderson explained. “It’s kind of the things in your life that are your self-care.”

Beyond just exercise, this can include mental stimulation. So for dogs, physically moving around counts, as does engaging with a puzzle toy or taking part in a training class.

“I advocate for and use evidence-based, humane training methods with my dogs and recommend that clients and pet owners use the same, just because it shows that it reduces stress and conflict,” Flynn said. Training can also keep your dog’s mind sharp no matter how young (or old) they are, Flynn noted. So, just because your pup is housebroken and knows their basic commands doesn’t mean that the learning needs to stop.

“That can really bring them joy, and it’s a great way to bond with your pet and really strengthen that relationship,” Flynn said.

They have an owner who is willing to advocate for them.

Your dog may exhibit body language that shows how they’re feeling. However, they can’t flat-out tell someone to back off — but you can.

It’s OK to voice your dog’s comforts and discomforts to people around you, whether they’re your loved ones or people on the street, Flynn said.

All dogs have their own personality; some are social, while others are introverted, she said. If you end up with a shy dog, it’s important to advocate for them by letting people know your pet’s preferences. For example, you might ask strangers not to pet your dog or tell friends to leave your dog alone when they come over.

“It can be hard to try to manage the social pressure from the human side and make sure that your dog is comfortable,” Flynn said. “I think sometimes I’ve inadvertently let my dog be in a position where he wasn’t as comfortable as maybe he could have been.”

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This isn’t something that’s learned right away, but Flynn said it would be nice, overall, if folks could give each other’s dogs a little more space.

“People have good intentions, but actually giving dogs space and just respecting their boundaries, I think, is important,” she said.

Just as humans are allowed to have preferences, dogs are too. And if you force your pet to go against their natural instincts or their one-of-a-kind personality, you’ll be taking away from their joy — and who in the world would want to do that?

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Welcome to our “Ask Dr. Paola” series, where every Monday we bring expert advice straight from Dr. Paola Cuevas (MVZ) to help our readers better understand their dog’s health and well-being.

Whether you’re a new pet parent or a seasoned dog lover, Dr. Paola is here to provide answers to your most pressing questions. From nutrition tips and preventive care to troubleshooting common behavioral issues, Dr. Paola is ready to offer insights that will keep your furry friend happy and healthy. Stay tuned for expert guidance on a range of topics that matter most to you and your dog, so you can make informed decisions and provide the best possible care for your canine companion. ‎Have‎ a ‎question? Send it in here!

Why Do Almost All My Puppies Look Like Their Mother?

“Why is it that in my Labrador’s litter, there is only 1 chocolate-colored puppy like the father, and 8 champagne-colored ones like the mother, Maya– Yamile

Hi Yamile!

Coat color in Labrador retrievers is decided by a few key genes that work together, almost like switches being turned on or off. One important gene, called the B locus, controls whether pigment is black or brown (chocolate). Another, the E locus, decides if that pigment will actually show. The chocolate father carries two copies of the brown gene (bb), so he can only pass on the instructions for chocolate. The mother, who is better described as yellow rather than champagne, is genetically (ee). Yellow Labradors are unique because this gene combination masks the underlying color, which means that although she looks yellow, she may still carry the hidden instructions for chocolate.

If Maya is (eeBb) and the father is (eebb), the math works out so that about half the puppies should be yellow carrying chocolate, a quarter yellow carrying two chocolate genes, and a quarter chocolate. But when puppies are conceived, the mix they receive is completely random, like shuffling and dealing cards from the same deck. This is why it is perfectly normal for a litter to look different from the expected ratios. In your case, most of the puppies happened to inherit the combination that makes them yellow like mom, while only one inherited the precise mix to show chocolate like dad. This variation is natural and part of the beauty of genetics in action. Congratulations on your new puppies!

Sincerely,

– Dr. Paola

Help! I Think My Niece Isn’t Caring for Her Dogs Properly!

“Hello Dr. Paola,

My niece is temporarily living with me and keeps her 3 dogs in her car outside with the AC on, like that is good for them. I don’t think that is good for them. She says she loves them, so it’s ok. I think love is caring for them properly. What can I tell her so that she will know that she’s not loving them and needs to let someone else care for them until she can take care of herself? “ – James

Hi James,

You are absolutely right to be concerned. Keeping dogs in a car, even with the air conditioning running, is not a safe or healthy living situation. Cars are confined spaces that do not provide the enrichment, exercise, or mental stimulation that dogs need, and there is also a serious risk that the air conditioning could fail. Studies and veterinary guidelines are very clear that even a few minutes in a vehicle without proper ventilation can become dangerous. Beyond temperature, living in a car means the dogs lack space to move freely, opportunities to interact with their environment, and the stability of a secure, clean, and predictable home.

What you can gently tell your niece is that real love for animals means meeting their physical and emotional needs, not just keeping them nearby. Dogs depend on us for everything, and part of caring for them is ensuring they have a safe environment, regular exercise, social interaction, and proper rest. Let her know that choosing temporary foster care, a trusted friend, or a reputable shelter until she can provide for them again does not mean she loves them less. In fact, making that decision would be one of the most loving and responsible things she could do for them, because it puts their well-being first. Thanks for reaching out, and I hope you can help those dogs.

Sincerely,

– Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog Constantly Licks His Feet!

“Dexter is a 6-year-old Yorkie cross. He is constantly licking his feet. We have tried to distract him, but he soon goes back to doing it. Can you help?” – Ruth

Hi Ruth,

Seeing Dexter repeatedly licking his paw can be puzzling, and there are a few possible reasons behind it. Some dogs develop this habit as a way of releasing tension or expressing excitement, almost like a fidget. In other cases, it may be linked to something physical, such as itchy skin from allergies, irritation between the toes, or even discomfort in the joints. When no medical cause is found, the behavior can sometimes become a repetitive or compulsive action that a dog returns to automatically.

Since you mention he quickly goes back to it even after being distracted, the best next step is to have him examined by a vet to rule out any physical source of irritation or pain. A thorough check of his skin, paws, and mobility can provide clarity. Because allergies are one of the most frequent causes of persistent paw irritation, your veterinarian may also recommend allergy testing or a stepwise investigation into possible triggers such as food or environmental allergens. Identifying and addressing the root cause will give Dexter the best chance of feeling comfortable, and if no medical issue is found, you can focus on managing it from a behavioral standpoint with enrichment and positive redirection. At this stage, a consultation with us at PangoVet can be very helpful, as we can provide you with tailored guidance on a behavioral plan and practical tips to support Dexter at home.

Good luck!

– Dr. Paola

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Welcome to our “Ask Dr. Paola” series, where every Monday we bring expert advice straight from Dr. Paola Cuevas (MVZ) to help our readers better understand their dog’s health and well-being.

Whether you’re a new pet parent or a seasoned dog lover, Dr. Paola is here to provide answers to your most pressing questions. From nutrition tips and preventive care to troubleshooting common behavioral issues, Dr. Paola is ready to offer insights that will keep your furry friend happy and healthy. Stay tuned for expert guidance on a range of topics that matter most to you and your dog, so you can make informed decisions and provide the best possible care for your canine companion. ‎Have‎ a ‎question? Send it in here!

Help! My Dog Jumps on the Couch Whenever She’s Home Alone!

“Dear Dr. Paola,

How do I keep my dog Kiki off the couch when we’re out? I’ve tried putting a pillow tower up; I’ve tried aluminium foil. She never gets invited up and is always told off if we see her up on the couch, but as soon as we leave the house, she invites herself up every time.”  – Hollie

Hi Hollie,

It sounds like your dog has learned a clever little routine, and this is actually a very common situation. Dogs are opportunistic learners, and when they discover that a behavior feels good and only has consequences when you’re around, they tend to repeat it when the coast is clear. The couch is likely offering her warmth, comfort, and your scent, all of which are highly reinforcing, especially in your absence.

To prevent this habit, the most effective strategies either manage access or make the couch genuinely unappealing in your absence, all while offering a more attractive alternative. Since she’s already outsmarted foil and pillow barriers, consider using pet-safe deterrents that don’t involve punishment but help guide her choices. You can try:

• Crate training or using a designated dog-safe room when you’re not home, which removes access entirely in a humane and structured way.
• Pet-safe scat mats or upside-down plastic carpet runners with the nubby side up can be more physically uncomfortable, making the surface less appealing without causing harm.
• Providing a cozy, elevated dog bed in a preferred location. Some dogs are drawn to being up high, so giving her a spot that mimics the couch’s height and texture may redirect her behavior.
• Scented deterrent sprays formulated specifically for dogs can sometimes reduce interest, though not all dogs respond to these.

If you’d like help fine-tuning a plan that fits your setup and your dog’s temperament, feel free to book a consultation with us at PangoVet. Consistency and environmental management are your strongest allies here, and over time, she’ll learn that staying off the couch is not just a temporary rule but a standing one.

I hope this helps!

Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog is Losing Her Hair!

“My dog Susie is losing her hair. I had her thyroid checked, and with her medication, it is working normally. What can I do about her hair loss? “ – Carol

Hi Carol,

Thank you for being proactive about Maggie’s health. Hair loss in dogs, even when thyroid levels are well-managed with medication, can have multiple causes. Hypothyroidism is a common culprit, but if her levels are stable, we need to look further. Chronic skin inflammation, allergies (either environmental or food-related), parasites like mites, or even hormonal imbalances beyond thyroid function could be contributing factors. In some cases, prolonged hypothyroidism before treatment can also lead to persistent skin and coat changes that take time to improve.

If Maggie’s skin appears dry, flaky, or irritated, or if she’s licking, chewing, or scratching more than usual, it’s important to consider dermatologic causes such as atopic dermatitis or seborrhea. Nutritional deficiencies, especially in essential fatty acids, can also affect coat quality. Ensuring that her diet is complete and balanced, ideally with veterinary guidance, can support skin health. Omega-3 supplements, for example, have evidence-based benefits for skin barrier support and inflammation control. If her coat isn’t improving or the hair loss is worsening, a thorough dermatologic workup by your veterinarian may be necessary, including skin scrapings, allergy testing, or biopsy, depending on the case.

Good luck!

– Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog Doesn’t Drink Much Water!

“Dear Dr. Paola,

Billy doesn’t drink much water at all during the day and then guzzles at night. He’s a Labrador. Is there something to worry about here?”– Sara

Hi Sara,

It’s great to see you are observing Billy’s habits so attentively. A healthy dog typically drinks about 50 to 60 milliliters of water per kilogram of body weight per day. For the average Labrador, that’s roughly 1.5 to 2 liters in 24 hours, which translates to about 0.75 to 1 ounce of water per pound of body weight in 24 hours, depending on size, activity, and diet. Measuring Billy’s total daily intake over several days can provide valuable insight. If he’s eating moisture-rich fresh or wet food, getting moisture-rich treats, or exercising less during the day, those factors could reduce his daytime thirst and shift his drinking to the evening.

It’s also worth considering environmental influences. Dogs may drink less during the day if they’re resting in a cool, quiet area or if their access to water is limited by routine or location. Increased movement, warmth, or activity in the evening could then trigger a natural spike in thirst. Subtle changes like using air conditioning during the day and having warmer indoor temperatures at night can also shift hydration patterns. It’s also possible that the water in his bowl becomes warm or stale during the day, leading him to wait until it cools down in the evening, when it’s more appealing to drink. Observing Billy’s routine and making sure fresh, clean water is always available and easily accessible throughout the day is a helpful first step.

While medical conditions such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, or Cushing’s disease are associated with increased water consumption, these typically cause a more persistent, round-the-clock increase in thirst rather than a pattern confined to nighttime. Since Billy’s thirst is not constant, behavioral or environmental causes may be more likely. Still, if his total intake is above normal or if any other signs appear, a routine check with your veterinarian, supported by bloodwork and urinalysis, is the most reliable way to rule out early underlying disease. By keeping track of Billy’s total intake and observing his daily routine, you’ll be well-equipped to determine whether this is simply an environmental or behavioral pattern or something that merits a closer veterinary look.

Best!

Dr.Paola

[ad_2]

Welcome to our “Ask Dr. Paola” series, where every Monday we bring expert advice straight from Dr. Paola Cuevas (MVZ) to help our readers better understand their dog’s health and well-being.

Whether you’re a new pet parent or a seasoned dog lover, Dr. Paola is here to provide answers to your most pressing questions. From nutrition tips and preventive care to troubleshooting common behavioral issues, Dr. Paola is ready to offer insights that will keep your furry friend happy and healthy. Stay tuned for expert guidance on a range of topics that matter most to you and your dog, so you can make informed decisions and provide the best possible care for your canine companion. ‎Have‎ a ‎question? Send it in here!

Help! My Dog Is Sitting Sideways. Could It Be Their Hips?!

“Hi Dr. Paola,

Abigail is a 2.5-year-old Shepherd/Lab mix. Recently, I have noticed that when she sits, she sits to the side and has to lean against something. The vet said it’s her knees, but I think it’s her hips. She prescribed pain meds, and now Abigail can run like crazy.

My question is, do I need to give her some kind of supplement? And if so, which one? I have wasted money on so many. Any help is very appreciated.

Thank you for your time.”  – Anna

Hi Anna,

You’re absolutely right to want a clear and effective approach for Abigail without wasting time or money on unproven products. At two and a half years old, a Shepherd-Lab mix showing this kind of seated posture may indeed be compensating for discomfort in either the hips or the knees. While your veterinarian observed changes in the knees, your concern about her hips is valid and quite common in breeds prone to both hip dysplasia and cruciate or patellar issues. The fact that she responds well to pain medication suggests inflammation is present, regardless of the exact joint affected.

Joint supplements can be helpful, especially those backed by peer-reviewed research. Look for a product that contains proven ingredients such as glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, and undenatured type II collagen (UC-II). These support cartilage health and joint comfort. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly those derived from marine sources like fish oil, are also anti-inflammatory and have shown benefits in controlled studies. Dasuquin Advanced, GlycoFlex III, or Movoflex are examples of veterinary-recommended joint supplements with good evidence and bioavailability. Consistency is key here; these aren’t quick fixes but long-term support tools. If Abigail is overweight, even slightly, managing her body condition can have a greater impact on joint comfort than any supplement.

Since you’re already working closely with your vet, consider asking for radiographs of her hips and stifles (knees) to better understand where the structural changes are occurring. This will help guide both treatment and preventive strategies more precisely, avoiding further guesswork or wasted spending.

Good luck!

– Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog Is Sneezing a Lot!

“Hello Dr. Paola,

Cooper is an 18-month-old Goldendoodle. He is a joy with lots of energy. Just in the last week or so, he’s been sneezing a lot. What are some things we can try to stop the sneezing?

Thank you.“ – Judy

Hi Judy,

Thank you for reaching out and for sharing a little about Cooper. At 18 months old and full of energy, a sudden onset of sneezing that persists for more than a few days is something worth paying attention to, especially if there’s no obvious trigger. Sneezing in dogs can be caused by several things, including environmental irritants like dust, pollen, or household cleaners, as well as more specific issues like foreign material (for example, a grass awn/foxtail lodged in the nasal passage), mild upper respiratory infections, or even dental problems that affect the nasal cavity. In younger dogs, foreign bodies are a common cause, particularly if the sneezing started suddenly and includes pawing at the nose or discharge coming from one nostril.

To help Cooper at home, consider whether there have been any recent changes to his environment. Vacuuming frequently, using air purifiers, and avoiding strong scents like sprays or candles can minimize exposure to irritants. If he enjoys sniffing around outdoors, try gently rinsing his nostrils with sterile saline using a veterinary nasal rinse to help clear out allergens or debris. However, if the sneezing is frequent, worsens, or is accompanied by nasal discharge, especially if it’s one-sided or contains blood, it’s important to have him examined. In these cases, a veterinarian may need to perform a rhinoscopy or imaging to check for inflammation, infection, or a foreign object. Mild, seasonal sneezing can sometimes resolve on its own, but persistent or progressive signs should always be investigated to avoid complications.

Best,

– Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog Keeps Scratching Their Neck and Ears!

“Dear Dr. Paola,

I recently got a new Cavapoo puppy, Frida, and she won’t stop scratching her neck and ears! She will be running around and then suddenly stop to scratch herself. I don’t know if it’s her collar or something else. At her last vet visit before she came home, her vet said she was healthy, so I’m worried it might be stress.

Help!” – Julia

Hi Julia,

Congratulations on welcoming Frida into your home. Cavapoos are such bright, affectionate little dogs, and it sounds like she’s already full of life. When a young puppy suddenly begins scratching around their neck and ears, it’s important to consider both physical and behavioral causes. Given her age and the specific location, this is more likely to be dermatologic, rather than stress-related. Puppies often react to new collars, especially if they are made of rough or synthetic materials that can irritate delicate skin. If the collar is too tight or has sharp edges or tags rubbing her neck, that could certainly cause the scratching. Try removing the collar for a few hours under supervision and see if the behavior decreases.

However, persistent scratching in the ears or around the base of the ears can also be an early sign of external ear infections, allergies, or even external parasites like mites or fleas. Just because her last veterinary exam was normal doesn’t rule out something that may have developed since, especially now that she’s in a new environment. Puppies have immature immune systems and can quickly react to changes in diet, grooming products, or even new detergents used on bedding. If the scratching continues, worsens, or is accompanied by redness, head shaking, or a bad odor from the ears, I recommend having her rechecked promptly. While stress can sometimes heighten awareness of sensations, true pruritus always has an underlying cause that needs to be addressed directly. Such conditions tend to worsen, so please don’t wait.

Sincerely,

– Dr. Paola

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Welcome to our “Ask Dr. Paola” series, where every Monday we bring expert advice straight from Dr. Paola Cuevas (MVZ) to help our readers better understand their dog’s health and well-being.

Whether you’re a new pet parent or a seasoned dog lover, Dr. Paola is here to provide answers to your most pressing questions. From nutrition tips and preventive care to troubleshooting common behavioral issues, Dr. Paola is ready to offer insights that will keep your furry friend happy and healthy. Stay tuned for expert guidance on a range of topics that matter most to you and your dog, so you can make informed decisions and provide the best possible care for your canine companion. ‎Have‎ a ‎question? Send it in here!

Help! My Dog Won’t Walk!

“Dear Dr. Paola,

Sometimes when we’re walking, my dog Billie turns into a statue and won’t move. At cafés, she insists on standing in the walkways and panting. I’m worried someone’s going to run her over! She’s 8 pounds and 8 years old. Is she okay, and is there anything I should do? ”  – Myrna

Hi Myrna,

When a dog freezes during a walk, it often signals that something in the environment feels off or overwhelming. Dogs commonly use this behavior when they are uncertain, stressed, or even uncomfortable. In Billie’s case, standing still and panting in the middle of a busy café likely reflects anxiety or overstimulation. For a small dog like her, weighing just 8 pounds, even everyday sounds and movements like clattering dishes or someone walking by can feel intense. Additionally, smaller dogs have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which means they absorb environmental heat more quickly and can struggle to regulate their temperature, especially on warm pavement or in direct sunlight.

It is also important to consider potential physical discomfort. Pain in the back or joints can make walking less appealing, and dogs are experts at hiding these signs until they become more limiting. Panting, while normal in some situations, may also reflect pain or heat stress, not just emotional tension. I recommend a thorough veterinary check to rule out orthopedic or sensory issues and to ensure she is not dealing with low-grade overheating. In the meantime, try guiding Billie gently away from high-traffic or hot areas, and observe when and where these episodes occur. With a closer look, you will be able to uncover what is bothering her and help her feel safer and more at ease in those situations.

Best,

Dr. Paola

Help! My Dog Has Dark Eye Gunk!

“Is it normal for dogs to have dark eye gunk? We clean Zoe’s eyes once a day, sometimes twice. It dries up but is a bit sticky underneath, almost like a booger texture. Thanks, Dr. Paola!  “ – Ellen

Hi Ellen,
Some degree of eye discharge can be normal in dogs, especially in those with prominent eyes, short muzzles, or tight facial folds, such as Pugs, Shih Tzus, or Maltese. The dark material you are noticing, with a sticky texture similar to a dried nasal booger, is often a harmless combination of tears, dust, natural oils, and debris. If the discharge is minimal, brownish, and not irritating to the skin around the eyes, it is usually not a cause for concern. Your routine of gently cleaning her eyes once or twice daily is appropriate and helps prevent staining and buildup.

However, if the discharge becomes more frequent, thickens, or changes color to yellow, green, or gray, it could point to an underlying issue like conjunctivitis, tear duct blockage, or mild irritation of the eye surface. Additional signs to watch for include squinting, redness, or Zoe trying to rub her face. If you notice any of these changes, a veterinary evaluation would help identify the cause and ensure her eyes remain healthy and comfortable.

I hope this helps!

– Dr. Paola

Help! How Often Should I Brush My Dog’s Teeth?

“Dear Dr. Paola,

How often should I brush my dog’s teeth? Penny is a medium-sized rescue dog,
breed unknown but likely some Labrador/Pit Bull/Staffy, and she really doesn’t
like us touching her mouth.” – Cass

Hi Cass,

It’s great that you’re thinking about Penny’s dental care. Veterinary dental specialists recommend brushing your dog’s teeth once a day, as plaque starts to harden into tartar within 24 to 48 hours. Daily brushing helps prevent gingivitis, periodontal disease, and the discomfort and long-term health issues that can come from oral bacteria entering the bloodstream. That said, if Penny resists having her mouth touched, it is important to approach this slowly and gently, always using positive reinforcement to build her comfort and trust.

For dogs who are uncomfortable with oral handling, the process can be similar to teaching tolerance for grooming or nail trims. Begin with brief sessions where you simply touch her chin or lips and pair it with a reward. Over time, work up to lifting her lips and touching the teeth, always keeping the experience positive and pressure-free. In the meantime, you can use supportive tools like veterinary-approved dental wipes, enzymatic water additives, or dental chews to help manage plaque. While these options do not replace the mechanical benefit of brushing, they offer some protection while you gradually help Penny become more comfortable. You might also need to consider a professional cleaning.

Good luck!

Dr.Paola

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